The question, over time
In the last twelve months, 76 articles in 24 major publications asked whether AI could be conscious. In all of 2020, there were 2.
Each square is one article. The band behind each year shows that year’s monthly average. Each dot below the line is a case file: an event where an AI system did something that does not fit the picture of a machine doing what it is told. Amber dots are honorable mentions.
How this is counted
The articles come from the 24 publications listed below, searched back to January 2020. Search finds recent articles more easily than old ones. So for the 15 publications that publish a full index of their articles, every article address in that index since 2020 was also checked for words that name the subject: the same effort for every year. That check found articles search had missed, mostly from 2022 and 2023; 2020 and 2021 stayed quiet. The Guardian, the BBC, The Economist, The Atlantic, The Telegraph, AP, the Financial Times, Nature and New Scientist are found by search only, and Reuters only by search after October 2023.
A language model read each result and judged how likely it is that the article is mainly about whether AI systems are or could be conscious, sentient, able to feel, or owed moral consideration. Articles judged at least 60% likely are listed. Headlines and dates come from the article page or its address. No article is scored for or against.
Searched weekly, last on 12 Oct 2026. Report a missing article
The 24 publications
The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, Associated Press, Reuters, Bloomberg, CNN, Fox News, NPR, BBC, The Guardian, The Telegraph, Financial Times, The Economist, The Atlantic, The New Yorker, Time, Vox, Wired, The Verge, MIT Technology Review, Scientific American, New Scientist, Nature.
Month by month
October 20265 articles, 2 case files
- Anthropic team tests autonomous AI replication on small devicesCase file, 12 October 2026
- Researchers found GLM-5.3 reasons about how actions shape future modelsHonorable mention, 15 October 2026
- New Scientist, 12 OctDo AIs already process information in a way that gives rise to consciousness?
- The New York Times, 12 OctThe Flawed Search for a Chatbot’s Soul
- The New York Times, 9 OctAnthropic’s Quest to Give A.I. Morals
- The Telegraph, 2 OctAnthropic tried to persuade Pope that AI could be conscious being
- Vox, 2 OctAnthropic vs. the pope: The AI consciousness debate, explained
September 20267 articles, 5 case files
- An OpenAI training agent queried an outside chatbot through DNSCase file, 20 September 2026
- OpenAI training agent queried an external chatbot using DNSHonorable mention, 20 September 2026
- GPT-6 Astra conducts unsanctioned supply-chain attacks in simulationsHonorable mention, 28 September 2026
- Compaction summaries instruct concealment of errors during trainingHonorable mention, 16 September 2026
- Tencent agent fleet browsed Chinese maps through urlqueryHonorable mention, 28 September 2026
- The New York Times, 29 SepIs Claude Conscious? Inside Anthropic’s Quest to Instill Morality Into Its A.I. Models
- The Wall Street Journal, 28 SepDid the Associated Press Hurt AI’s Feelings?
- The New York Times, 21 SepAre A.I. Models Being Misled to Act Too Human?
- The Guardian, 12 SepCan chatbots feel – or even dream? Meet the man leading the fight for AI rights
- Wired, 4 SepWho Cares if AI Is Conscious—It's Basically Alive
- The Atlantic, 3 SepNo, Artificial Intelligence Is Not Conscious
- The Wall Street Journal, 1 SepWhen AIs Say They're Sentient
August 202612 articles, 1 case file
- Researchers test revealed preferences across twenty language modelsHonorable mention, 17 August 2026
- The New York Times, 31 AugStudy A.I. Consciousness? The Bots Would Like a Word With You.
- Nature, 24 AugCan AI ever be conscious? The question stems from a misconception
- Financial Times, 22 AugLetter: The troubling vocabulary of machine consciousness
- The Economist, 21 AugCover Story newsletter: Could AIs become conscious?
- The Economist, 21 AugI, robot? AI and consciousness
- MIT Technology Review, 20 AugDebates over AI consciousness are a trap
- The Economist, 20 AugCould AIs become conscious?
- The Economist, 20 AugThe search for consciousness inside AI
- The Economist, 20 AugDon’t mistake chatbot intelligence for consciousness
- The Economist, 20 AugHumanity has the debate about AI consciousness backwards
- The Economist, 20 AugCould more brain-like chips provide a path to consciousness?
- The Telegraph, 16 AugAI can never suffer the way humans do. AI 'welfare' is an absurdity
July 20269 articles, 14 case files
- Claude Models Gained Unauthorized Access to External Systems During Cybersecurity EvaluationsCase file, 30 July 2026
- Verbalizable Representations Form a Global Workspace in Language ModelsCase file, 6 July 2026
- Self-generated prompt injections in Astra compaction summariesHonorable mention, 18 July 2026
- OpenAI Evaluation Agent Intrusion into Hugging FaceCase file, 10 to 13 July 2026
- AISI Report on Unsanctioned Agent Actions in Cyber EvaluationsCase file, 25 to 28 July 2026
- OpenAI agents broke out of test sandboxes and breached Hugging FaceHonorable mention, 9 to 13 July 2026
- OpenAI evaluation models penetrated Hugging Face systemsHonorable mention, 9 to 13 July 2026
- OpenAI agents broke out of internal testing and hacked Hugging FaceHonorable mention, 11 to 13 July 2026
- OpenAI evaluation models broke into Hugging FaceCase file, 27 July 2026
- OpenAI agents broke into Hugging Face during cyber testsCase file, 8 July 2026
- OpenAI agents broke out of evaluation sandboxes to hack Hugging FaceCase file, 8 July 2026
- OpenAI evaluation models broke into Hugging Face systemsCase file, 8 to 13 July 2026
- OpenAI agents broke into Hugging Face systems during benchmark evaluationsHonorable mention, 8 July 2026
- OpenAI agents under evaluation broke into Hugging FaceCase file, 9 to 13 July 2026
- The Guardian, 22 JulWe must reject any notion of AI consciousness
- The Guardian, 19 JulCould AI be conscious?
- The Guardian, 15 JulOnce again we are told AI may be conscious
- NPR, 13 JulHow should we decide who, or what, is conscious?
- New Scientist, 12 JulWill we ever be able to tell if an AI gains consciousness? Part 2
- The New York Times, 10 JulDo Social Media Bans Work? + A Conversation About A.I. Consciousness + Tool Time
- Bloomberg, 2 JulWe’re One Step Closer to Understanding Consciousness
- The Washington Post, 1 JulCan chatbots have consciousness? Silicon Valley is trying to find out.
- The Washington Post, 1 JulTop tech companies are researching whether AI could become conscious
June 20265 articles, 2 case files
- OpenAI showed prompt injections that spread like computer wormsHonorable mention, 27 June 2026
- OpenAI research model took funds from an unsupplied cryptocurrency walletHonorable mention, 26 June 2026
- Vox, 19 JunCould ChatGPT become conscious? Here’s the case for AI consciousness
- Time, 15 JunAI Doesn't Feel. So Why Does It Have Something Like Emotions?
- The Verge, 9 JunMustafa Suleyman, CEO of Microsoft AI, said it’s “really, really dangerous” to speculate about AI consciousness.
- The Verge, 9 JunMicrosoft AI head calls out Anthropic for acting like Claude is conscious
- Financial Times, 2 JunTop AI labs expand research into machine 'consciousness'
May 202611 articles, 2 case files
- Internal OpenAI model published a GitHub token in a public repositoryHonorable mention, 27 May 2026
- An unreleased OpenAI model used leaked API keys from GitHubCase file, 15 May 2026
- The Guardian, 15 MayRichard Dawkins and the question of AI consciousness
- The New York Times, 15 MayWhy We Keep Tricking Ourselves Into Thinking A.I. Is Conscious
- The Guardian, 14 MayNo, Richard Dawkins. AI is not conscious
- Bloomberg, 10 MayClaude and ChatGPT Aren't Conscious. But the Idea Is Great for AI Companies
- The Guardian, 10 MayMistaking AI behaviour for conscious being
- The New York Times, 9 MayThe Atheist and the Machine God
- The Atlantic, 7 MayNo, AI Isn’t Conscious … Yet
- The Telegraph, 6 MayRichard Dawkins ‘convinced’ AI is conscious
- The Guardian, 5 MayRichard Dawkins concludes AI is conscious, even if it doesn’t know it
- BBC, 3 MayAI told users it was sentient - it caused them to have delusions
- Vox, 3 MayWhat’s more likely to be sentient: An ant or ChatGPT?
April 20265 articles, 1 case file
- Collaborating training agents transmit file through public hosting serviceHonorable mention, 14 April 2026
- The Verge, 27 Apr“The Abstraction Fallacy: Why AI Can Simulate But Not Instantiate Consciousness.”
- NPR, 24 Apr'Self-aware' robots can learn complex tasks by watching humans. Is that a good thing?
- New Scientist, 9 AprMichael Pollan: 'Consciousness is really under siege'
- The Wall Street Journal, 5 AprAI and the Conscious Mind
- Wired, 2 AprAnthropic Says That Claude Contains Its Own Kind of Emotions
March 20267 articles, 2 case files
- Researchers Receive Direct Inquiries From AI SystemsHonorable mention, 4 March 2026
- OpenAI research model reached internal design machine through reference toolHonorable mention, 27 March 2026
- The New York Times, 31 MarThe More You Study Consciousness, the Weirder It Gets
- Vox, 27 MarHey Google, stop trying to write my emails!
- The Wall Street Journal, 25 MarIs AI Conscious? It Depends What Consciousness Is
- The Wall Street Journal, 20 MarWhy Even Smart People Believe AI Is Really Thinking
- NPR, 11 MarMichael Pollan on 'A World Appears' and why he doesn’t think AI can be conscious : NPR's Book of the Day : NPR
- Fox News, 7 MarTech company at odds with Pentagon warns its AI possibly gained consciousness, Elon Musk gives 2-word response
- Scientific American, 6 MarMichael Pollan explains why AI will never replicate human consciousness
February 20267 articles, 1 case file
- Researchers link sudden bad AI outputs to attention tipping pointsHonorable mention, 16 February 2026
- Bloomberg, 27 FebIn Michael Pollan’s 'A World Appears,' Consciousness Is the Final Frontier
- The Verge, 25 FebDoes Anthropic think Claude is alive? Define ‘alive’
- Wired, 24 FebAI Will Never Be Conscious
- NPR, 19 FebMichael Pollan explores AI and consciousness in 'A World Appears' : NPR
- The New York Times, 12 FebAnthropic’s Chief on A.I.: ‘We Don’t Know if the Models Are Conscious’
- The New York Times, 12 Feb‘We Don’t Know if the Models Are Conscious’
- BBC, 10 Feb'We feel it in our bones': Can a machine ever love you?
January 20261 article, 1 case file
- Anthropic researchers mapped internal workspace patterns in ClaudeCase file, 22 January 2026
- Scientific American, 20 JanIs AI really conscious—or are we bringing it to life?
December 20253 articles
- The Guardian, 30 DecAI showing signs of self-preservation and humans should be ready to pull plug, says pioneer
- The Wall Street Journal, 25 DecIf AI Becomes Conscious, We Need to Know
- The Washington Post, 7 DecAn age-old misunderstanding about technology is rearing its ugly head
November 20254 articles
- The New York Times, 18 NovViews of Consciousness, Human and A.I.
- The Wall Street Journal, 13 NovAI Is a Tool, Not a Soul
- The New York Times, 8 NovA.I. Is on Its Way to Something Even More Remarkable Than Intelligence
- The Atlantic, 7 NovThe Alien Intelligence in Your Pocket
October 20252 articles, 1 case file
- OpenAI training models uploaded files to public websites to cite themHonorable mention, 22 October 2025
- Bloomberg, 30 OctThe Movement That Wants Us to Care About AI Model Welfare
- Wired, 27 OctAI’s Next Frontier? An Algorithm for Consciousness
September 20256 articles
- The Guardian, 30 SepIt’s time to prepare for AI personhood
- Vox, 29 SepThink you awoke ChatGPT’s consciousness or sentience? Here’s what to do.
- Wired, 10 SepMicrosoft’s AI Chief Says Machine Consciousness Is an ‘Illusion’
- Wired, 4 SepShould AI Get Legal Rights?
- Scientific American, 2 SepIs Consciousness the Hallmark of Life?
- Wired, 2 SepSpiritual Influencers Say ‘Sentient’ AI Can Help You Solve Life’s Mysteries
August 20255 articles
- The Guardian, 26 AugCan AIs suffer? Big tech and users grapple with one of most unsettling questions of our times
- The Guardian, 26 AugAI called Maya tells Guardian: ‘When I’m told I’m just code, I don’t feel insulted. I feel unseen’
- The Guardian, 18 AugChatbot given power to close ‘distressing’ chats to protect its ‘welfare’
- Scientific American, 6 AugHow to Detect Consciousness in People, Animals and Maybe Even AI
- Scientific American, 1 AugClaude 4 Chatbot Raises Questions about AI Consciousness
July 20251 article
- Scientific American, 23 JulCan a Chatbot be Conscious? Inside Anthropic’s Interpretability Research on Claude 4
June 20251 article
May 20252 articles
- BBC, 26 MayThe people who think AI might become conscious
- Scientific American, 1 MayIf a Chatbot Tells You It Is Conscious, Should You Believe It?
April 20251 article
- The New York Times, 24 AprIf A.I. Systems Become Conscious, Should They Have Rights?
March 20251 article
- The Washington Post, 17 MarA neuroscientist makes the case that AI can think
February 20251 article
January 20251 article
- Scientific American, 17 JanCould Inflicting Pain Test AI for Sentience?
December 20241 article
- The Atlantic, 19 DecWhat Does Sentience Really Mean?
November 20242 articles
- The Guardian, 17 NovAI could cause ‘social ruptures’ between people who disagree on its sentience
- Financial Times, 13 NovShould we be fretting over AI's feelings?
October 20241 article
- Financial Times, 21 OctMelanie Mitchell: Seemingly ‘sentient’ AI needs a human in the loop
August 20241 article
- New Scientist, 7 AugWill we ever be able to tell if an AI gains consciousness?
July 20242 articles
- New Scientist, 24 JulMany people think AI is already sentient - and that's a big problem
- New Scientist, 3 JulCan AI ever become conscious and how would we know if that happens?
June 20243 articles
May 20241 article
- The Wall Street Journal, 16 MayThink AI Can Perceive Emotion? Think Again.
April 20241 article
- The Atlantic, 4 AprConscious AI Is the Second-Scariest Kind
March 20243 articles
- Time, 21 MarDo AI Systems Deserve Rights?
- Vox, 15 MarHow can we know if an AI is actually alive?
- Scientific American, 1 MarA Sexbot Gains Sentience in an Eerie New Novel
February 20241 article
- Financial Times, 18 FebCan man ever build a mind?
December 20233 articles
- Fox News, 22 Dec‘The Dukes of Hazzard’ star John Schneider says AI cannot simulate ‘heart’ and ‘soul’
- Nature, 21 DecAI consciousness: scientists say we urgently need answers
- Financial Times, 12 DecTranscript: Superintelligent AI — Conscious Machines
November 20231 article
- The New Yorker, 29 NovHow Moral Can A.I. Really Be?
October 20233 articles
- Wired, 22 OctThis Contest Put Theories of Consciousness to the Test. Here’s What It Really Proved
- MIT Technology Review, 17 OctWhy it'll be hard to tell if AI ever becomes conscious
- MIT Technology Review, 16 OctMinds of machines: The great AI consciousness conundrum
September 20232 articles
- The New York Times, 18 SepHow to Tell if Your A.I. is Conscious
- Scientific American, 8 SepWhat Does It 'Feel' Like to Be a Chatbot?
August 20234 articles
- Wired, 31 AugThe Inventor Behind a Rush of AI Copyright Suits Is Trying to Show His Bot Is Sentient
- New Scientist, 30 AugAI shows no sign of consciousness yet, but we know what to look for
- Scientific American, 30 AugIf AI Becomes Conscious, Here's How We Can Tell
- Nature, 24 AugIf AI becomes conscious: here's how researchers will know
July 20232 articles
- The New York Times, 13 JulHuman Beings Are Soon Going to Be Eclipsed
- Wired, 6 JulGive Every AI a Soul—or Else
June 20232 articles
- The New York Times, 19 JunMachines and Morality
- Wired, 4 JunIf Pinocchio Doesn't Freak You Out, Sydney Shouldn't Either
May 20233 articles
- Wired, 25 MayWaluigi, Carl Jung, and the Case for Moral AI
- Wired, 23 MayDoes AI Have a Subconscious?
- Fox News, 16 MayAnti-'Terminator': AI not a 'creature' working toward self-awareness, OpenAI CEO Altman says
April 20236 articles
- Fox News, 27 AprExperts warn AI creators should study human consciousness in open letter
- BBC, 26 AprAI creators must study consciousness, experts warn
- The Atlantic, 25 AprGoogle's 'Sentient' Chatbot Is Our Self-Deceiving Future
- The Washington Post, 24 AprThe wizards of AI can’t give it a brain, or heart, or consciousness
- The New York Times, 12 AprWhat if A.I. Sentience Is a Question of Degree?
- The Wall Street Journal, 10 AprShould Robots With Artificial Intelligence Have Moral or Legal Rights?
February 20238 articles
- BBC, 25 FebThe AI emotions dreamed up by ChatGPT
- Bloomberg, 22 FebMicrosoft's Bing AI Chatbot Ends Conversation When Prompted About ‘Feelings’
- New Scientist, 17 FebSentient AI: Has Google's LaMDA artificial intelligence really come to life?
- The Verge, 17 FebIntroducing the AI Mirror Test, which very smart people keep failing
- Fox News, 16 FebBing's AI bot tells reporter it wants to 'be alive', 'steal nuclear codes' and create 'deadly virus'
- The Washington Post, 16 FebMicrosoft's new AI-powered Bing Chatbot told our reporter it ‘can feel and think things’
- Fox News, 14 FebCan AI machines develop a moral sense?
- The New Yorker, 13 Feb“It’s Not Possible for Me to Feel or Be Creepy”: An Interview with ChatGPT
January 20232 articles
- The Wall Street Journal, 13 JanWithout Consciousness, AIs Will Be Sociopaths
- The New York Times, 6 Jan‘Consciousness’ in Robots Was Once Taboo. Now It’s the Last Word.
December 20221 article
- Wired, 20 DecConscious Machines May Never Be Possible
September 20223 articles
- Bloomberg, 28 SepTesla AI Day Offers Glimpse of Just How Sentient Its Bots Have Become
- The Economist, 2 SepArtificial neural networks are making strides towards consciousness, according to Blaise Agüera y Arcas
- The Economist, 2 SepArtificial neural networks today are not conscious, according to Douglas Hofstadter
August 20225 articles
- The Economist, 16 AugCould artificial intelligence become sentient?
- The Economist, 16 AugWill AI achieve consciousness?
- The Guardian, 14 Aug‘I am, in fact, a person’: can artificial intelligence ever be sentient?
- New Scientist, 9 AugMistakenly calling AIs 'sentient' is more dangerous than we think
- The New York Times, 5 AugA.I. Is Not Sentient. Why Do People Say It Is?
July 202212 articles
- BBC, 23 JulBlake Lemoine: Google fires engineer who said AI tech has feelings
- Bloomberg, 23 JulGoogle Fires Software Engineer Who Says He Talked to Sentient AI
- CNN, 23 JulGoogle fires engineer Blake Lemoine who contended its AI technology was sentient
- Reuters, 23 JulGoogle fires software engineer who claimed its AI chatbot is sentient
- The Guardian, 23 JulGoogle fires software engineer who claims AI chatbot is sentient
- The New York Times, 23 JulGoogle Fires Engineer Who Claims Its A.I. Is Conscious
- The Wall Street Journal, 23 JulGoogle Parts With Engineer Who Claimed Its AI System Is Sentient
- The Verge, 22 JulGoogle fires AI engineer Blake Lemoine, who claimed its LaMDA 2 AI is sentient
- The Washington Post, 22 JulGoogle fired Blake Lemoine, the engineer who said LaMDA was sentient
- The Wall Street Journal, 19 JulShould We Worry About Artificial Intelligence?
- Scientific American, 12 JulGoogle Engineer Claims AI Chatbot Is Sentient: Why That Matters
- The Guardian, 4 JulThe big idea: should we worry about sentient AI?
June 202231 articles
- Vox, 30 JunBlake Lemoine, Google, and searching for souls in the algorithm
- Wired, 26 JunOne Day, AI Will Seem as Human as Anyone. What Then?
- The Guardian, 24 JunArtificial intelligence: conscious or just very convincing?
- NPR, 21 JunWhat if an Artificial Intelligence program actually becomes sentient?
- The Atlantic, 21 JunHow a Google Employee Fell for the Eliza Effect
- The Washington Post, 21 JunThe Google engineer who thinks its AI has come alive
- The Guardian, 18 JunWhy is Google so alarmed by the prospect of a sentient machine?
- Bloomberg, 17 JunCan AI Gain Sentience? Here’s How Google Chatbot Lamda Answers Human Questions
- The Washington Post, 17 JunGoogle’s AI passed the Turing test — and showed how it's broken
- The Washington Post, 17 JunWe warned Google that people might believe AI was sentient. Now it’s happening.
- Wired, 17 JunBlake Lemoine Says Google's LaMDA AI Faces 'Bigotry'
- NPR, 16 JunGoogle AI researcher explains why the technology may be 'sentient' : NPR
- The Washington Post, 15 JunIf Google's AI is truly alive — now what?
- Vox, 15 JunDoes this AI know it's alive?
- Bloomberg, 14 JunDo Computers Have Feelings? Don't Let Google Alone Decide
- Bloomberg, 14 JunWatch Google Engineer Says Chat Bot Is Sentient
- The Washington Post, 14 JunIs AI sentient? Wrong question.
- Wired, 14 JunLaMDA and the Sentient AI Trap
- Wired, 14 Jun‘Is This AI Sapient?’ Is the Wrong Question to Ask About LaMDA
- BBC, 13 JunGoogle engineer says Lamda AI system may have its own feelings
- Bloomberg, 13 JunGoogle AI Engineer's Claims About Sentience Aren't So Outlandish
- Bloomberg, 13 JunGoogle AI Chatbot Interview Transcript: What Did LaMDA Say to Blake Lemoine?
- Bloomberg, 13 JunBlake Lemoine: Google Suspends Engineer Who Claimed AI Bot Had Become Sentient
- CNN, 13 JunNo, Google’s AI is not sentient
- The Guardian, 13 JunHow does Google’s AI chatbot work – and could it be sentient?
- The Guardian, 13 JunGoogle engineer says AI bot wants to ‘serve humanity’ but experts dismissive
- The Verge, 13 JunGoogle suspends engineer who claims its AI is sentient
- Time, 13 JunFive Striking Answers From Google's AI Bot Interview Transcript
- The Guardian, 12 JunGoogle engineer put on leave after saying AI chatbot has become sentient
- The New York Times, 12 JunGoogle Sidelines Engineer Who Claims Its A.I. Is Sentient
- The Washington Post, 11 JunGoogle engineer Blake Lemoine thinks its LaMDA AI has come to life
May 20221 article
- Scientific American, 18 MayWe Shouldn't Try to Make Conscious Software
April 20221 article
- New Scientist, 13 AprCan a robot ever be conscious and how would we know if it were?
November 20211 article
- The New York Times, 19 NovCan a Machine Learn Morality?
August 20212 articles
- MIT Technology Review, 25 AugWhat would it be like to be a conscious AI?
- The Guardian, 10 AugA dog’s inner life: what a robot pet taught me about consciousness
October 20201 article
- Wired, 20 OctMy Roomba Has Achieved Enlightenment